This led to strong resentments against tax collectors and the courts, where creditors obtained judgments against debtors, and where tax collectors obtained judgments authorizing property seizures. The rural farming population was generally unable to meet the demands of merchants and the civil authorities, and some began to lose their land and other possessions when they were unable to fulfill their debt and tax obligations. Many of these merchants passed on this demand to their customers, although Governor John Hancock did not impose hard currency demands on poorer borrowers and refused to actively prosecute the collection of delinquent taxes. Merchants began to demand the same from their local business partners, including those operating in the market towns in the state's interior. When the Revolutionary War ended in 1783, Massachusetts merchants' European business partners refused to extend lines of credit to them and insisted that they pay for goods with hard currency, despite the country-wide shortage of such currency. The state government was dominated by this merchant class. In contrast, there was a market economy in the more economically developed coastal areas of Massachusetts Bay and in the fertile Connecticut River Valley, driven by the activities of wholesale merchants dealing with Europe and the West Indies. In lean times, farmers might obtain goods on credit from suppliers in local market towns who would be paid when times were better. Some residents in these areas had few assets beyond their land, and they bartered with one another for goods and services. The economy during the American Revolutionary War was largely subsistence agriculture in the rural parts of New England, particularly in the hill towns of central and western Massachusetts. The insurrection was a tax-related rebellion. Artist's depiction of protesters watching a debtor in a scuffle with a tax collector by the courthouse at Springfield, Massachusetts.
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Background Populist Governor John Hancock refused to crack down on tax delinquencies and accepted devalued paper currency for debts. There is still debate among scholars concerning the rebellion's influence on the Constitution and its ratification. The widely held view was that the Articles of Confederation needed to be reformed as the country's governing document, and the events of the rebellion served as a catalyst for the Constitutional Convention and the creation of the new government. The confederal government found itself unable to finance troops to put down the rebellion, and it was consequently put down by the Massachusetts State militia and a privately funded local militia. In 1787, the protestors marched on the federal Springfield Armory in an unsuccessful attempt to seize its weaponry and overthrow the government. However, recent scholarship has suggested that Shays' role in the protests was significantly and strategically exaggerated by Massachusetts elites, who had a political interest in shifting blame for bad economic conditions away from themselves. Historically, scholars have argued that the four thousand rebels (called Shaysites) who protested against economic and civil rights injustices by the Massachusetts Government were led by American Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays. The fight took place mostly in and around Springfield during 17. Shays ' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades.
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